Selekcìâ ì nasìnnictvo (Plant Breeding and Seed Production)
The research collection "Plant Breeding and Seed Production" is included i in the List of scientific professional publications of Ukraine with the assignment of category "Б" within the cluster "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences" (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated June 11, 2026 No. 928, Appendix 11).
ІНСТИТУТ РОСЛИННИЦТВА ІМ. В.Я. ЮР’ЄВА Національної академії аграрних наук України
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Impact of Desiccation and Growth Regulators on Viral Infection Seed Potatoes
The article presents results on the influence of plant growth regulators (Raykat, Radipharm), a preparation with fungicidal and antiviral properties (Farmayod), and desiccation on viral infection in seed potatoes ‘Zhytnytsia’ in the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. It was found that the removal of potato haulms on day 15 after anthesis, in combination with growth-stimulating preparations, minimizes the reinfection of tubers with viruses.
potatoes, plant growth regulators, seed production, viruses, desiccation
Copyright (c) 2026 В.В. Думанецький (Автор)
Effect of Presowing Seed Treatment with Growth Regulators and Microfertilizers on Sowing Quality and Survival of Sunflower Lines
The article presents results of a comprehensive study on the impact of presowing seed treatment with growth stimulants, antistress agents, and microfertilizers on the sowing quality and plant survival of self-pollinated sunflower lines. The study was conducted at the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS in 2022–2024. The soil is typical chernozems. The sterile analogs of the lines ‘Skh808A’, ‘Skh51A’, and ‘Skh17A’. The evaluation included germination energy, laboratory germination, field emergence, and plant survival rates depending on the treatments with different compounds and their combinations. It was found that all studied factors—line genotype, year of cultivation, and treatment—had a statistically significant impact on the seed sowing qualities. The highest germination energy and laboratory germination rates were observed in ‘Skh17A’, while ‘Skh51A’ was characterized by the lowest values and higher variability. The application of some compounds and their combinations increased performance compared to the control; however, the effectiveness was largely determined by the genotype. The field germination rate was high across all experiments, amounting to 90–96%, with combined treatments proving most effective. The plant survival remained consistently high (95–98%) regardless of the treatment, due to the high baseline level of this trait. Genotype made the largest contribution to the variation in survival (up to 35%), while the agents influence was limited. Thus, the study demonstrated that presowing seed treatment with growth stimulants and microfertilizers is an effective component of sunflower cultivation technology, and its efficacy is governed by the genotype × preparation interaction.
sunflower, lines, survival, seed germination, seed dressings, growth stimulants, microfertilizers, seed production
Copyright (c) 2026 А.І. Білокобильська, Ю.Є. Огурцов (Автор)
Variability of Valuable Economic Traits and Broomrape Resistance in High-Oleic Sunflower Hybrids
Modern sunflower hybrid breeding is focused on combining multiple economic traits within a single genotype. The article presents results on the expression of valuable traits in the first hybrid generation of sunflower, such as high yield, large seeds, high oil content, high oleic acid content, early maturity, and broomrape resistance. The variability of these traits was examined in relation to the genotype and the year of hybrid testing. Hybrid combinations were identified that combine high oleic acid content with other economic traits. Based on phenotypic dominance degree, inheritance patterns for valuable economic traits in the first hybrid generation were determined.
Helianthus annuus, hybrid, Orobanche cumana, broomrape resistance, fatty acid composition of oil, economic traits, phenotypic dominance degree
Copyright (c) 2026 Д.В. Курилич, К.М. Макляк, О.Г. Супрун, Н.В. Кузьмишена, Т.М. Кираш (Автор)
Heterosis and Dominance Degree for Valuable Economic Traits in F1 Cucumber Hybrids Grown in a Greenhouse
The purpose of the study was to comprehensively evaluate heterosis and dominance degree for the main valuable economic traits in parthenocarpic F1 cucumber hybrids and to identify the most promising combinations for breeding practice. The study was conducted in a greenhouse of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of NAAS in 2021–2025. Hybrids yielded 14.6-22.8 kg/m²; the marketability ranged from 76 to 90%; and the average fruit weight was 82–91 g. The predominance of non-additive genetic effects (hp > 1) for yield traits was noted. The heterosis level for yield varied within 84–120%. The highest effect (120%) and pronounced overdominance (hp = 7.3) were found in the F1 hybrid ‘Kuzia / Park’. Heterosis for marketability (X = 91–106%) and earliness (X = 94–106%) indicate the prevalence of additive or partially dominant inheritance of these traits. PCA confirmed the dominant contribution of yield to the overall phenotypic variability of the studied genotypes. After standardizing the indicators (Zᵢⱼ) within the experiment, the cumulative index, i.e. breeding value, was calculated as the sum of weighted standardized values. The highest index was recorded for F1 ‘Park / Kuzia’ (0.948) and F1 ‘Kuzia / Park’ (0.936), indicating their high complex value. Combinations involving the lines ‘Kuzia’, ‘No. 11’, and ‘Park’ had the highest heterosis and overdominance for the studied traits, confirming their usefulness as sources of high combining ability in the breeding of intensive greenhouse hybrids. Thus, the complex application of several parameters (heterosis, dominance degree, and breeding value) and multivariate analysis allows for the justified identification of promising genotypes for developing competitive cucumber hybrids. The combination of lines with a high complex value and sources of intensive heterosis creates prerequisites for further improvement of breeding programs.
Cucumis sativus, breeding, yield, marketability, earliness
Copyright (c) 2026 Л.О. Радченко, О.В. Сергієнко, Л.Д. Солодовник, С.О. Немченко, С.О. Немченко, Т.М. Гарбовська (Автор)
Productivity of Alfalfa (Medicago L.) in an Ecological Variety Trial
Six alfalfa cultivars were evaluated in an environmental trial. Increased fodder productivity was revealed in 'Syniukha', 'Radoslava', 'Antane', and 'Birute' compared to others. 'Radoslava' (12.99 t/ha) and 'Birute' (12.67 t/ha) should be particularly noted. Over two years of use, 'Radoslava' (0.477 t/ha) and 'Antane' (0.502 t/ha; +8% or 0.038 t/ha to the check cultivar 'Synyukha' and 5% or 0.025 t/ha to the check cultivar 'Radoslava') stood out in terms of seed productivity. 'Syniukha' (19.13%), 'Radoslava' (19.29%), 'Malvina' (19.89%), and 'Antane' (19.05%) were characterized by an increased protein content, while the lowest protein content was found in 'Birute' (only 16.24%). In 'Syniukha', 'Radoslava', and 'Antane', the protein yield amounted to 2.14, 2.51, and 2.22 t/ha, respectively. Meanwhile, in 'Birute', despite a relatively high fodder productivity (12.67 t/ha), the protein yield was only 2.06 t/ha.
Medicago L., productivity, dry matter yield, seed yield, soil acidity
Copyright (c) 2026 В.М. Горенський, В.Д. Бугайов (Автор)
Breeding and Genetic Characterization of the Common Wheat Cultivar 'Volodarka Nosivshchyny'
The article provides a comprehensive breeding and genetic characterization of the winter common wheat cultivar 'Volodarka Nosivshchyny' (Nosivska Breeding and Research Station of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine). It was established that this cultivar belongs to an adaptive, universal-purpose type, combining rational plant architecture (culm strength, shortened peduncle, semi-erect flag leaf, and pronounced spike awnedness) with photoperiodic plasticity. A three-year study (2022–2025) showed that the grain yield of the cultivar ranged from 5.65 to 9.10 t/ha, which is 8–10% higher than that of high-intensity check cultivars, particularly under moisture deficit. According to the set of technological grain parameters (the test weight is 790 g/L; the protein content is 14–16%; the gluten content is 22–27%; and the flour strength is 138–178), the genotype was identified as valuable bread wheat (Quality Group II; according to technological classification — a 'strong filler'). Compared to reference cultivars ('Smuhlianka', 'Bezosta 1', 'Trizo'), 'Volodarka Nosivshchyny' demonstrates a combination of high productivity, adaptability, and stable grain quality, which determines its value for national food security and integration into international breeding platforms.
Triticum aestivum L., cultivar, 'Volodarka Nosivshchyny', morpho-physiological traits, grain yield and quality, resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 В.В. Москалець, Т.З. Москалець, В.І. Москалець, Н.М. Буняк, Ю.М. Барат (Автор)
Adaptability of Winter Triticale Cultivars to Abiotic Environmental Factors in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Winter triticale plays a significant role in grain production in Ukraine, combining high yield and grain quality with high resilience to adverse growing conditions. To ensure stable high yields, it is crucial to grow winter triticale cultivars with high adaptability to various environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of 12 winter triticale cultivars and to identify genotypes with an optimal combination of high yield and yield stability across different weather conditions and nitrogen fertilizer doses. Analysis of variance revealed that yield variability was significantly influenced by all studied factors: genotype, environmental conditions, nitrogen dose, and their interactions. The greatest contributions were made by environment (63%) and genotype (11%), followed by genotype-environment interaction and genotype-environment-fertilization interaction (8%). 'KhAD 650', 'Zlatoust', and 'Tymofii' exhibited high general adaptability, producing higher average yields (5.79 t/ha, 5.71 t/ha, and 5.45 t/ha, respectively). Based on the variance of specific adaptability and relative stability, 'KhAD 45', 'Tryfon', 'Ratne', and 'Leontii' were identified as the most stable across different growing environments and nitrogen fertilization levels. According to the regression coefficient, 'Zlatoust', 'Adam', and 'Rarytet' were the most plastic cultivars, demonstrating high yield potential and the ability to maximize it under favorable conditions. Considering the combination of stability, plasticity, and yield, the highest breeding value was recorded for 'KhAD 45', 'Zlatoust', 'Tryfon', and 'KhAD 650'. These cultivars are noticeable for high yield potential, which is mamifested under favorable conditions, and the ability to withstand adverse environmental factors, ensuring stable crop performance across diverse growing systems
winter triticale, cultivar, yield, adaptability, stability, nitrogen fertilizers
Development of Triticale Breeding Material with Easy Threshability
The article presents results on winter and spring triticale breeding material developed at the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS of Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to develop complex-valuable lines of spring and winter triticale characterized by easy threshability and increased yield capacity. In 2024–2025, winter and spring triticale breeding material was investigated, and economically valuable, easily threshable lines with were identified. Seven spring triticale lines – ‘YaTKh 37-25’, ‘YaTKh 92-25’, ‘YaTKh 157-25’, ‘YaTKh 159-25’, ‘YaTKh 174-25’, ‘YaTKh 179-25’, and ‘YaTKh 183-25’ – as well as four winter triticale lines – ‘TKhZ 168-25’, ‘TKhZ 194-25’, ‘TKhZ 215-25’, and ‘TKhZ 216-25’ – with easy threshability significantly outperform the chek cultivar, 'Volia Kharkivska', and the best reference cultivars, 'Svoboda Kharkivska' and 'IR Lehit' in terms of yield and specific valuable economic traits, including grain size and plumpness, starch and protein contents, kernel hardness, etc. Technological analysis of the lines demonstrated that the overall bread-making scores of the selected spring and winter triticale lines were quite high (7.8–8.6 points). Pedigree analysis showed that the lines were developed through intraspecific hybridization involving parental components with the “easy threshability” and “high yield capacity” traits. These lines are promising source materials for triticale breeding.
Triticosecale, easy threshing, breeding, hybridization, yield
Copyright (c) 2026 С.В. Чернобай, В.С. Мельник, В.К. Рябчун, Т.Б. Капустіна T.B. Kapustina, Г.В. Щипак, О.Є. Щеченко, Р.А. Чернобаб, З.В. Усова (Автор)
The life and creative path of Volodymyr Ivanovych Khudoerko (to the 90th Anniversary of his birth)
The creative biography of the Ukrainian scientist-breeder V.I. Khudoyerko is briefly described. The emphasis is on the breeding methods he developed and the varieties and hybrids of winter rye he created.
Copyright (c) 2025 Д. К. Єгоров, В. М. Ожерельєва, Н. Ю. Єгорова
Carotenoids of durum wheat: Bibliometric analysis of literature from Lens.org
Durum wheat (Triticum durum) is the second most cultivated wheat species. The yellowness index (YI) is one of the main indicators of durum wheat grain quality. It is determined by carotenoid content. Wheat varieties with high carotenoid content are highly valued in the pasta industry. This accounts for the large number of documents dedicated to the topic of carotenoids in durum wheat. Bibliometric parameters are used to analyze large corpuses of diverse scientific literature. Our purpose was to evaluate publishing activity on the "carotenoids of durum wheat" topic based on key bibliometric parameters. The scientometric database Lens.org was used for literature search and analysis. A total of 2,364 scientific papers published between 1955 and 2025 were found. After 1990, the number of publications per year began to increase gradually, and from 2007, publishing activity on the "carotenoids of durum wheat" topic started to grow rapidly, reaching its peak in 2021-2022, after which a sharp decline was noted. The citation time profile differs from that of the number of publications. This parameter also began to grow rapidly after 1997 but is characterized by very significant fluctuations, although the year of the maximum total number of citations (2020) almost coincides with the years of the maximum number of publications. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), Frontiers in Plant Science, and Plants (Basel, Switzerland) published the most of the articles on this topic. Frontiers in Plant Science, Photosynthetica, and Agronomy are the leaders in terms of citations. The most productive authors are Agata Gadaleta, Sergio R. Atienza, and Andrea Brandolini, while the most cited ones are Agata Gadaleta, Pasquale De Vita, Antonio Blanco, and Anntonella Pasqualone. Among organizations, the Spanish National Research Council holds the first place in both the number of publications and citation count. Italy is the leading country in terms of the number of publications, and the USA is the leader in the total number of citations. The themes of the most cited publications were also analyzed, and it was found that reviews dedicated to broad issues of plant resilience, biochemistry, physiology, and breeding received the highest counts of citations. The bibliometric evaluation allowed for characterization of the temporal evolution and regional peculiarities of the publishing activity in durum wheat carotenoid research, identification of the most influential journals, leading institutions, and authors; the most cited publications were also reviewed. The discrepancies in the analyses of different bibliometric parameters are highlighted, specifically the number of publications versus the citation count and the most cited authors versus the most cited documents.
Triticum durum, carotenoid pigments, bibliometrics
Copyright (c) 2025 O. V. Holyk, L. I. Relina, V. V. Liubych
Temporal evolution of bean breeding in Ukraine
Common bean is an important vegetable crop, which is popular in Ukraine. Volumes of commercial beans are small because of few cultivars adapted to various pedo-climatic conditions and suitable for mechanized cultivation. A number of scientific institutions are engaged in bean breeding both in Ukraine and abroad. The purpose of this study was to analyze the temporal evolution of the assortment of common bean cultivars included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine in 2017–2025. The following data were analyzed: the number of common bean cultivars, years of their inclusion in the Register, applicants and countries of origin. In 2017–2021, 15–21 common bean cultivars were included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine. In 2022–2025, there were 58–77 cultivars. In 2018–2020, 1–4 cultivars were included in the Register; in 2022 — 38, in 2023–2025 — 5–6. In 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024, one cultivar was excluded from the Register; in 2025, three were excluded. In 2017–2021, one cultivar was Dutch and the others were domestic. In 2025, there are 38 Ukrainian cultivars, 17 Dutch, 6 Polish, 6 French, 3 German, 3 Italian, 3 Swiss, and 1 Turkish cultivar in the Register.
State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine, Phaseolus vulgaris L., applicant, origin
Copyright (c) 2025 Ia. S. Rіabovol, Zh. M. Novak, V. P. Kulyk
A new hybrid ‘Kirodar F1’ for expanding the domestic assortment of heterotic watermelon hybrids
Based on breeding results, a new F1 watermelon hybrid ‘Kirodar F1’ was created. The hybrid was created on a fertile basis using new parental lines identified by genes that control expression of marker (signal) morphological traits: ‘Busynka-25’ and ‘Bor-25’. Monoecious line ‘Busynka-25’ became the female line of the hybrid; its novelty lies in combination of high monoeciousness, early ripening, resistance to anthracnose and Fusarium wilt, and high yield. Line ‘Bor-25’, which combines early ripening, tolerance to abiotic stressors (cold, heat) and biotic factors (anthracnose and Fusarium wilt) factors with valuable economic traits served as the male line of the hybrid. In 2025, the lines were submitted to the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine as accessions the Ukrainian plant gene pool. Via hybridizing these new lines, a new early-ripening, high-yielding watermelon hybrid ‘Kirodar F1’ was created. The new hybrid yields by 32-45% more fruits with quality indicators improved by 2-3% compared to analogs. The hybrid is highly resistant to diseases, suitable for transportation and short-term storage. The economic effect from growing the new hybrid ‘Kirodar F1’ is 104,500 UAH/ha. The hybrid was submitted for qualifying examination to the State Variety Trial Service in 2025. Hybrid ‘Kirodar F1’ is recommended for growing in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine
watermelon, breeding, hybrid, breeding trait, parental form, yield, marketability, early ripening, economic efficiency
Copyright (c) 2025 V. Serhiienko, O. M. Shabetia, M. B. Serhiienko, Ye. M. Ilinova, K. I. Lokoida, D. O. Dioloh
Agrobiological characteristics of winter triticale cultivars intended for baking industry
The results of an agrobiological study (2022-2024) of different modern winter triticale cultivars with high bread-making parameters and grain yield, which were created via intraspecific hybridization, are presented. It was found that under favorable weather conditions, the highest yield among short-stemmed cultivars was harvested from cv. ‘Zlatoust’ (7.14 t/ha); the highest yield among medium-tall cultivars was harvested from cv. ‘Tryfon’ (6.35 t/ha); and the highest yield among tall cultivars was harvested from cv. ‘Buket’ (5.56 t/ha). The influence of agroecological factors on yield and quality of winter triticale grain was also evaluated, and it was revealed that the highest mean yield of grain across the study years among short-stemmed cultivars was harvested from cvs. ‘KhAD 650’ and ‘Zlatoust’: 5.02 t/ha and 5.09 t/ha, respectively. These cultivars gave the greatest gain in grain yield when top-dressed: 1.30 t/ha (N120) and 1.20 t/ha (N180), respectively. Among medium-tall cultivars, the highest yield and top dressing (N120)-attributed gain in grain yield were recorded for cv. ‘Tryfon’: 4.66 t/ha and 1.30 t/ha, respectively. When studying tall cultivars, we harvested the highest yield and noted the greatest gain in grain yield from cv. ‘Buket’: 4.52 t/ha and 1.10 t/ha, respectively. Cultivars ‘Tymofii’ (704 g/dcm3), ‘Rarytet’ (726 g/dcm3) and ‘Buket’ (707 g/dcm3) were distinguished due to high test weight. At the same time, the studied cultivars were similar to the corresponding check cultivars in terms of main indicators of grain quality, in particular, the gluten content in flour was over 20%, the gluten deformation index was 50-60, loaf volume from 100 g of flour exceeded 500 cm3, and the overall bread-making score was 8-9 points
winter triticale, cultivar, breeding, yield, flour, dough and bread qualities, bread-making indicators
Copyright (c) 2025 R. S. Shchechenko, H. V. Shchypak
Breeding assessment of inbred sunflower lines by a set of economic traits and resistance to Orobanche cumana
Our purpose was to comprehensively evaluate inbred sunflower lines for morphological and productive traits and resistance to Orobanche cumana Wallr. under laboratory infection and, on this basis, to identify valuable sources for breeding. The study included laboratory screening for resistance to O. cumana (proportions of affected plants and uninfected plants, number of nodules), field assessments of morphometric and productive parameters, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) to describe the structure of phenotypic variability. The results of the study revealed significant variability of inbred lines in major economically valuable and adaptive traits. Based on the laboratory assessments, we identified three types of plant response to O. cumana: complete susceptibility, quantitative (partial) resistance, and low-intensity damage, which may indicate polygenic mechanisms of suppression of the parasite's development. No lines with a qualitative (vertical) type of resistance, which is intrinsic to Or genes, were found. Biplot analysis demonstrated spatial differentiation of genotypes and independence of productivity from resistance parameters. Lines SD-038V, SD-029V, and SD-049V were recognized as the most promising sources of quantitative resistance, while lines SD-017V, SD-048V, SD-057V, and SD-02V contained individual resistant plants, indicating the feasibility of intra-line selection. High-yielding genotypes (SD-047V, SD-014V, SD-029V) were identified as potential donors of productivity. Our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of inbred sunflower lines and allowed us to detect sources of valuable breeding traits, in particular quantitative resistance to O. cumana. The results can be used in current breeding programs to create high-yielding and more resistant sunflower hybrids.
sunflower, inbred lines, Orobanche cumana, resistance to broomrape, haustoria, productivity, PCA (principal component analysis), breeding value
Copyright (c) 2025 V. V. Bilyk, D. V. Chuiko
Yield of sunflower hybrids depending on doses of insurance herbicides in the Steppe of Ukraine
The study was aimed to quantify how varying doses of post-emergence herbicides affect the yields sunflower hybrids ‘Neoma’ (Clearfield) and ‘Biloba CLP’ (Clearfield Plus) under arid conditions in the Steppe of Ukraine. The field experiments had a split-plot design and were conducted in the experimental field of the State Institution “Institute of Grain Crops” of NAAS (Vasylivka, Dnipropetrovska Oblast) in 2022–2024. The treatments included a control (mechanical weeding) and post-emergence applications of Неliantex (0.045–0.090 L/ha) and Pulsar Flex (1.6–3.2 L/ha). The yield clearly depended on herbicide dose and hybrid. The excessive Неliantex dose (0.090 L/ha) caused a sharp yield reduction of 31–38 % associated with decreased thousand-kernel weight (TKW), test weight, and oil content, indicating delayed seed filling under phytotoxic stress. In contrast, Pulsar Flex 1.6 L/ha maintained or slightly increased yield (+5 % for hyb. ‘Biloba CLP’) without visible phytotoxicity, demonstrating its selective tolerance threshold. Higher Pulsar Flex doses (2.4–3.2 L/ha) led to partial seed filling inhibition and a moderate yield decline (6–9 %), confirming the importance of adherence to the recommended dose. Correlation and regression analyses identified TKW as the dominant yield determinant (r = 0.82–0.88; p < 0.01), while oil content showed a moderate relationship (r = 0.48–0.61). Coefficient of determination (R² = 0.58–0.66) confirmed that herbicide-induced variation in TKW accounted for more than 60 % of total yield fluctuations. These findings clarify the physiological mechanism of yield loss through seed-filling disruption rather than plant density or head number changes. The study justified a data-driven recommendation to apply Pulsar Flex at 1.6 L/ha as a safe, selective rate, while avoiding Heliantex 0.090 L/ha due to high phytotoxicity risk and yield reduction.
sunflower, post-emergence herbicides, herbicide tolerance, yield, thousand-kernel weight, oil content, selectivity, phytotoxicity, Clearfield, Clearfield Plus, Ukrainian Steppe
Copyright (c) 2025 O. A. Dobrenkyi, S. V. Avramenko
Grain Quality Indicators in Winter Bread Wheat Breeding Lines
Abstract: Grain quality is a complex characteristic that depends on several traits, and the individual contribution of each trait varies depending on the specific response to environmental conditions. The effects of genotype and environment on quality characteristics of 1,200 wheat genotypes were assessed; the relationships between quality traits were also analyzed. Having summarized long-term data using year-standardized values, we identified sources of high test weight, high and low kernel vitreousness for the breeding of hard and soft cultivars; sources of high protein and gluten contents and high gluten quality, high rheological properties and baking scores. Among the cultivars, cvs. ‘Kharus’, ‘Astet’, ‘Vasylyna’, ‘Fermerka’, ‘Patriotka’, and ‘Maliovanka’ were distinguished by high dough resilience, flour strength and dough elasticity index, while cvs. ‘Malusha’ and a soft confectionery cultivar, ‘Mazurok’, were distinguished by low low values of these characteristics; the latter was also characterized by low kernel vitreousness. Cultivars ‘Pryvablyva’, ‘Pryvitna’, ‘Prynada’, ‘Haiok’, and ‘Pronia’ were distinguished by high test weight. High grain protein content and flour gluten content were intrinsic to cvs. ‘Pryvablyva’, ‘Pryvitna’, ‘Harmonika’, and ‘Mazurok’, with the maximum values in cv. ‘Prynada’. High loaf volume and overall baking score were recorded for cvs. ‘Kharus’, ‘Astet’, ‘Vasylyna’, ‘Statna’, ‘Fermerka’, ‘Dyvo’, ‘Harmonika’, ‘Prynada’, and ‘Mavka IR’. Relationships between grain quality traits were evaluated; it was shown that overall baking score was closely correlated with gluten deformation index, dough resilience, flour strength and dough elasticity index. Cluster and principal component analyses, which were conducted to summarize the data, divided the studied traits into four clusters with a Euclidean distance of < 40% and four principal components that acconted for > 70% of the total variability; one of them is associated with baking qualities, another – with rheological properties, and two more – with protein and gluten contents, test weight and kernel vitreousness. Lines combining high values of different characteristics for different areas of use were selected. The results of this study can be used as breeding criteria to improve the quality of bread wheat grain in the region.
winter bread wheat, breeding, grain quality, cluster and principal component analyses
Copyright (c) 2025 Plant Breeding and Seed Production
Increasing the Yield of Sunflower Parent Components with the Help of Growth Regulators and Micro-Fertilizers
Low seed productivity of parentalal lines (sterility fixers and fertility restorers) hinders the rapid introduction into production of competitive simple sunflower hybrids. The purpose of this study was investigate the effects of combinations of growth regulators and microfertilizers of different origins on the growth, development, yield and sowing quality of new sunflower lines and to develop effective methods for their improvement. The study was conducted in the fields of the Yuriev Рlant Production Institute of NAAS in 2021-2024 were applied. The parental components of simple sunflower hybrids ‘Skh66A’, ‘Skh588A’, Kh1814V’, and ‘Kh2283V’ were studied; growth regulators AKM, Endophyte L1 and Antistress as well as microfertilizers Raycat Start, Microcat Oil Crops, Aminocat 30, Atlante, and Endobor. Pre-sowing treatment with AKM and Raycat Start was carried out simultaneously with seed dressing. Plants were sprayed with combinations of agents in the phases of 4 or 4 and 6 sunflower leaf pairs. It was found that, depending on combinations of agents and methods of their application, the leaf area in line ‘Skh66A’ increased on average by 1,500-3,600 m2/ha and the pre-harvest plant density – by 700-1,800 plants/ha; in line ‘Skh588A’, these parameters increased by 1,500-4,300 m2/ha and 1,5-2,6 plants/ha, respectively; in line ‘Kh1814V’ – by 2,000-4,100 m2/ha and 700-1,800 plants/ha, respectively; and in line ‘Kh2283A’ – by 400-1,700 m2/ha and 1,500-3,300 plants/ha, respectively. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with AKM and Raycat Start increased the yield of the sunflower lines on average by 9-13%; pre-sowing treatment and subsequent spraying with combinations of agents in the phase of 4 leaf pairs – by 8-16%; and pre-sowing treatment with subsequent spraying in the phases of 4 and 6 leaf pairs – by 11-18%. Lines ‘Skh66А’ and ‘Kh1814V’ yielded the most when treated with AKM 0.2 L/t, Antistress 1.7 kg/ha, Endophyte L1 0.2 L/ha, and Endobor 0.48 kg/ha in two or three stages (0.84 and 0.72 t/ha, respectively). The yield of line ‘Skh588А’ reached the maximum after the application of AKM 0.2 L/t, Antistress 1.7 kg/ha, Endophyte L1 0.2 L/ha, and Endobor 0.48 kg/ha in three stages (1.26 t/ha); the yield of line ‘Kh2283V’ was maximal (1.19 t/ha) when Raycat Start 2.5 L/t, Microcat Oil Crops 0.5 L/ha, Atlante 0.5 L/ha, and Aminocat 30% 0.5 L/ha were used in three stages.
sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), growth regulators, microfertilizers, germination, plant density, leaf area, yield
AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis of Genotype-Environment Interaction in Environmental Trials of Pea Cultivars
Results of AMMI and GGE biplot analysis summarizing data of environmental trials of pea cultivars are presented. The results of these methods were not identical and indicate the importance of each of these algorithms. Thus, the distribution of pea accessions by ranks (ASV) in the AMMI model placed cv. ‘Haiduk’ in the first position, but according to the results of the GGE biplot analysis, cv. ‘Oplot’ was the best ("ideal") genotype. Graphical visualization of results marking megaenvironments and cultivars that are the best in these environments is additional information to adjust breeding programs and to create adaptable pea cultivars for different growing zones. A separate advantage of GGE biplot is that it is able to assess the informativeness of test environments. In our study, not only the trial locations (Odesa State Experimental Station [Odeska Oblast], Ustymivka Experimental Station [Poltavska Oblast] and Yuriev Plant Production Institute [Kharkivska Oblast]) but also each year of trials at each location differed. Thus, AMMI and GGE biplot analysis, which process data of environmental trials of pea, do not exclude each other, but on the contrary, provide more detailed and complete information.
environmental trials, pea, AMMI, GGE biplot, cultivars, yield
Potential and Real Alfalfa (MEDICAGO L.) Seed Yield on Increased Soil Acidity
This study assessed the impact of hydrothermal factors on and contributions of individual seed productivity components to the seed yields of alfalfa germplasm accessions of different eco-geographical origins grown on soil with increased acidity over two years of sward utilization. A significant influence of hydrothermal factors on seed productivity was observed: minor to moderate droughts during anthesis and harvest increased it, while precipitation, conversely, decreased. It was concluded that to reduce the time spent on structural analysis, it is sufficient to use traits that are most significantly affected: number of productive shoots, racemes per shoot, pods per raceme, and seeds per pod. Further research is needed on minimizing seed losses caused by genetic, biological, and mechanical factors.
Medicago sativa, soil acidity, seed productivity, correlation coefficient, hydrothermal factors
Agrobiological Evaluation of Sunflower Hybrids in Eastern Ukraine
Twenty-eight sunflower hybrids, which are suitable for dissemination in Ukraine and included in the State Register of Plant Varieties, were evaluated for agrobiological traits in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Ukraine and the results are presented. The performance, biometric characteristics and yield components were determined in hybrids of different genetic origins. The field studies were conducted at the Educational, Scientific and Production center "Dokuchaievske Experimental Field" of the State Biotechnological University in 2023–2024. Such characteristics as the number of leaves, plant height, head diameter, thousand seed weight, test weight, and head productivity were determined. The climatic conditions of vegetation in 2023 and 2024 significantly varied, enabling us to assess the preliminary adaptability of the hybrids to stressors. There were significant correlations between major components of yield. The highest biological yield (up to 3.7 t/ha) was formed by Ukrainian hybrids ‘Blysk’, ‘Husliar’, ‘Ravelin’, ‘Kadet’, and ‘Aldazor’. Cluster analysis by economic characteristics allowed us to identify three groups of hybrids that differed in yield and adaptability. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of clusterization as a tool for comprehensive evaluation of sunflower hybrids for the conditions of Eastern Ukraine. The results can be used in production to optimally select high-yielding sunflower hybrids for the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine
sunflower, hybrid, performance, breeding, cluster analysis, economic characteristics
Morphobiological Traits of New Sunflower Lines - Fertility Restorers
Distinctness traits in new sunflower lines- fertility restorers were described: morphological characteristics of the plant, stem, leaf, and head. The lines’ diversity was determined for performance traits and oil content in seeds. The following early-ripening lines - fertility restorers were distinguished by performance: mono-headed lines ‘Kh 0013V’ and ‘Kh 1807V’ (40.98 and 42.32 g, respectively) and multi-headed line ‘Kh 1809V’ (25.04 g). Line ‘LHV’ was distinguished by seed oil content (53.91%). The greatest thousand seed weight of 75.8 g was recorded for line ‘Kh 0013V’, which may be of interest for breeding for large fruits. We identified valuable sunflower lines - fertility restorers, ‘Kh 1807V’ and ‘Kh 1818V’, with vegetation periods of 90 and 96 days, respectively, and flowering periods of 19 and 15 days; the lines combine great performance (42.32 g and 25.99 g) with resistance to the pathogen of downy mildew. We also selected two early-ripening, branched lines, ‘Kh 1803V’ and ‘Kh 1809V’, with lengths of the "emergence-anthesis" period of 54 and 56 days, respectively; the lines showed plant performance similar to that of the tester lines (19.39 g and 25.04 g, respectively) and significantly were superior to the latter in terms of seed oil content (49.22% and 49.16%). According to the results of the examination by the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, sunflower lines - fertility restorers ‘Kh 1807V, ‘Kh 1818V’ (mono-headed), ‘Kh 1803V’ and ‘Kh 1809V’ (multi-headed) were superior to tester line ‘Kh 720 V’ in terms of performance and other breeding traits. The lines were included in the Bank of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.
sunflower, line - fertility restorer, morphological traits, performance, seed oil content, thousand seed weight, disease resistance
Effect of Autumn Nitrogen Fertilization on The Yield of Winter Wheat Sown After Different Predecessors
Winter wheat is one of the most productive and valuable food crops, but it can yield a lot of good-quality grain on fertile soils only or provided application of sufficient amounts of fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilization of crops is especially important; it should be moderate in autumn and sufficient during the tillering phase and yield formation. Despite numerous studies with nitrogen fertilizers, there is still no consensus on the effectiveness of autumn fertilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of winter bread wheat sown after different predecessors (sunflower, pea and black fallow) depending on various doses of ammonium nitrate applied in autumn. The field experiment included 15 variants of ammonium nitrate application at doses of the active substance calculated as N30, N60, N90, and N120. Autumn fertilization of winter wheat significantly increased its yield, especially when wheat was sown after sunflower. After pea and black fallow, the highest yield was harvested at N30 dose; while N60 was required to achieve the highest yield from post-sunflower-sown wheat. A further increase in the nitrogen dose had no advantage over lower doses of autumn fertilization with ammonium nitrate, regardless of the predecessor.
winter wheat, nitrogen fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, autumn fertilization, yield, sunflower predecessor, pea predecessor, black steam
Copyright (c) 2024 Plant Breeding and Seed Production
Effect of Seeding Rates on Biometric Parameters and Yield of New Sunflower Hybrids
Plant density and fertilization regimens are considered as important elements of the sunflower hybrid cultivation technology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of seeding rates and mineral fertilizers on biometric parameters and seed yield of new zoned sunflower hybrids in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The study was conducted in an experimental field of the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS of Ukraine in 2021 and 2023. We studied two classic oil sunflower hybrids (‘Yarylo’ and ‘Khoryv’), two fertilization regimens (without fertilization (control) and N30P30K30), and four seeding rates (40,000, 50,000, 60,000, and 70,000 germinable seeds per 1 ha). The tallest plants (165.8 cm) were recorded for hyb. ‘Khoryv’ sown at a seeding rate of 70,000 seeds/ha in the control and the shortest ones – for hyb. ‘Yarylo’ (139.2 cm) sown at the seeding rate of 60,000 seeds/ha hybrid and fertilized with N30P30K30. The mean number of leaves per plant was greater in hyb. ‘Khoryv’ (31.2 leaves) than in hyb. ‘Yarylo’ (30.4). The maximum leaf area per plant and per hectare was formed by hyb. ‘Yarylo’ sown at the seeding rate of 40,000 seeds/ha and fertilized with N30P30K30P30K30 (9,425.6 cm2 and 39,500 m2, respectively). Hyb. ‘Yarylo’ yielded more seeds when sown at the seeding rates of 40,000 seeds/ha and 50,000 seeds/ha, especially after N30P30K30 fertilization (2.07 t/ha and 2.02 t/ha, respectively). Hyb. ‘Khoryv’ yielded more seeds in the control when sown at the seeding rate of 70,000 seeds/ha (2.19 t/ha) and in the N30P30K30 experiment when sown at the seeding rate of 40,000 seeds/ha (2.24 t/ha). Therefore, the sunflower plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and seed yield depended on hybrid features, fertilization, and plant density.
Helianthus annus L., hybrid, fertilizer, seeding rate, plant height, leaf area, seed yield
Performance of Soybean Cultivars Depends on Sowing Time and Growth Regulators
The effects of sowing time and pre-sowing seed treatment on the individual performance of soybean (Glycine hispida) plants and the yield of morphologically different cultivars are covered. The study had a split plot design in four replications in accordance with conventional methods. The first order plots were soybean cultivars: ‘Annushka’, ‘Kobza’ and ‘Malvina’; the second order plots were sown within various timeframes (early (6–8°C), medium (10–12°C), or late (14–16°C)); the third order plots were pre-sowing treatments of soybean seeds with Humisol, Adaptophyte, Rost-concentrate, and Fundazol. In all study years, the best individual performance of soybean plants was shown by cv. ‘Malvina’ treated with Adaptophyt before sowing and sown within the medium timeframe. The greatest mean yield of soybean seeds from cv. ‘Malvina’ (the mean yield across the study years was 2.34 t/ha) was harvested when the cultivar’s seeds were treated with Adaptophyt and planted within the medium timeframe. Soybean cv. ‘Annushka’ was significantly inferior to cvs. ‘Kobza’ and ‘Malvina’ in terms of performance: the difference was 0.31 and 0.43 t/ha, respectively. The seed yield increased to a large extent, when seeds were treated with the tested agents before sowing (the gain ranged from 0.10 to 0.38 t/ha). The effect of sowing time on the performance was the smallest. Thus, it was demonstrated that it was possible to achieve stable soybean yields in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine due to adequate selection of cultivars, adherence to optimal sowing timeframes and application of growth regulators..
soybean (Glycine hispida), cultivar, sowing time, growth regulators, performance, yield
Results of the Multi-Year Breeding of Awnless Barley Cultivars in Ukraine
Findings of long-term research (2007-2024) conducted at the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS of Ukraine, which resulted in the first in the country successful initiation and development of spring awnless barley breeding, are presented. Due to hybridization between diverse awnless and awny cultivars and lines, five registered awnless cultivars have been bred: ‘Modern’ (2011), ‘Kontrast’ (2019), ‘Krechet’ (2020), ‘Iner’ (2021), and ‘Herkules’ (2021); in addition, a new awnless cultivar, ‘Yarets (2023)’ has been submitted for qualifying examination. The first Ukrainian awnless cultivar, ‘Modern’, was high-yielding and resistant to smut pathogens (9 points), but not sufficiently resistant to Helminthosporium diseases (7 points) and lodging (7.8 points). Owing to further breeding for awnlessness, other awnless cultivars are not only high-yielding and smut-resistant, like cv. ‘Modern’, but also have other improved characteristics. Their plants are short (60-62 cm), resistant to lodging (9 points), drought (9 points), and Helminthosporium diseases (8-9 points). In 2023-2024, the best 32 lines have been selected.
spring barley, awnlessness, cultivar, line, hybridization, trait, yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, lodging resistance
Genetic Analysis of The Inheritance of Sunflower Resistance to Broomrape by Dialel Method
The results on resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) of sunflower hybrids created according to the incomplete 8×8 diallel crossing design are presented. Race F was the most virulent race in the studied broomrape population. There were significant additive and dominant components in the trait regulation. It was found that dominant alleles we responsible for fewer nodules per plant. The best lines in terms of general and specific combining abilities and lines - donors of resistance to broomrape were identified.
sunflower, line, F1 hybrid, Orobanche cumana Wallr., damage degree, resistance, genetic analysis
Characteristics of Grain Filling and Response to Fertilizers in Rice Cultivars of Different Agro-Ecological Types
The purpose of this study was to characterize responses of rice cultivars ‘Debiut’, ‘Marshal’, ‘Lazuryt’, ‘Korsar’, ‘Vikont’, and ‘Ontario’ to fertilization in the southern steppe of Ukraine. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Rice of NAAS of Ukraine in 2019-2021. It was found that rice yielded the most when double-fertilized at a dose of N120P30: cv. ‘Vikont’ yielded 11.27 t/ha, cv. ‘Korser’ - 9.62 t/ha, cv. ‘Lazuryt’ - 8.99 t/ha, cv. ‘Debiut’ - 7.06 t/ha, cv. ‘Marshal’ – 9.77 t/ha, and cv. ‘Ontario’ – 9.24 t/ha. Three agro-ecological types of cultivars (northern, temperate and southern) were distinguished.
Rice, cultivar, mineral fertilizers, yield, agro-ecological types, grain filling
Quality Properties of Naked Barley and Caryopsis Color Inheritance
The Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS breeds naked food barleys, including those with pigmented caryopses and waxy starch. The strating material was obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine: accessions of the varieties nudum L. and daghestanicum Vav. et Orl. with gray-green caryopses, of the variety viride Vav. et Orl. with green caryopses, of the varieties violaceum Koern. and nudidubium Koern. with purple caryopses, of the varieties nigrinudum Vav. and nudimelanocrithum Giess. et al. with black caryopses, and line SGI 7024 with blue caryopses bred at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigations. The sources of changed starch composition were Canadian naked cultivars ‘CDC Alamo’ (waxy), ‘Mebere’ (waxy), and ‘CDC Hilose’ (high amylose). It was found that the contents of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins depended on genotype and growing conditions, and these characteristics were consistently high in line ‘Violet 18-1207’ and cvs. ‘CDC Alamo’ and ‘CDC Hilose’. In our valuable line ‘Violet 18-1207’ (UA 0805977) of the variety nudidubium, not only caryopses are purple, but also all other parts of the plant are bright purple in the “earing-filling” phase. After ripening, the plant turns gray-lilac. The content of anthocyanins in grain is 0.260 relative units D530/g; the content of phenols is also high (1.04 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). Analysis of hybrid populations showed that, as a rule, a dark color was inherited by F1 and some accessions stably transmitted their caryopsis color over generations when participating in crossing as both the female and male forms. In F2 populations, segregation occurred by caryopsis color; the inheritance of caryopsis color in barley can be explained by interactions of non-allelic genes mainly via complementarity. In some populations, traits that were not intrinsic to parents and valuable for enriching starting materials for breeding were detected.
spring naked barley, pigmented caryopses, breeding, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, segregation, inheritance
Effect of Autumn Application of Different Doses and Types of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Post-Sunflower-Sown Winter Wheat Yield
Abstract: Currently, the demand for grain products is growing rapidly. However, due to different circumstances, the areas of optimal predecessors of winter cereals are decreasing, instead, the areas after such predecessors as sunflower grow. Because of this, farmers fail to harvest stable grain yields. Nitrogen fertilization is one of the most effective methods of managing the growth and development of winter wheat plants and increasing the crop yield. Several studies demonstrated the equivalence of autumn and spring application of nitrogen fertilizers on wheat. However, the issue of autumn nitrogen fertilization has not been sufficiently studied, especially for the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Our purpose was to determine the yield of post-sunflower-sown winter bread wheat depending on different doses and types of nitrogen fertilizers applied in autumn. The design of the field experiments included 13 variants with three fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate) applied at N30, N60, N90, and N120 on primary nutrient basis after sunflower as a forecrop. Autumn fertilization of wheat crops significantly increased the yield. The application of ammonium nitrate and urea at N60 and ammonium sulfate at N90 was the most effective variant of autumn fertilization of winter wheat, as it yielded 49, 46, and 46% more, respectively, compared to the control. At a low dose of nitrogen (N30), the largest gain in the yield (31–34%) was achieved with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, while urea at this dose was less effective. The application of N120 had no advantages compared to lower doses of autumn-applied nitrogen fertilizers, regardless of the fertilizer type.
winter wheat, nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate, autumn application, yield, sunflower forecrop
Storage Capacity of Different Stem Parts and its Role for Grain Productivity of Short-Term Drought-Exposed Winter Wheat Genotypes Contrasting in Drought Tolerance
Abstract: Remobilization of the water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) deposited in the stem is important for winter wheat grain productivity, especially under water deficit during the reproductive period. Our aim was to study the accumulation and remobilization of reserve WSC in different segments of the stem and their relationship with grain yield parameters in winter wheat genotypes exposed to 8-day drought at the early stages of grain formation. The experiments were carried out on winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in pots. Cultivars ‘Podolianka’ (drought-tolerant), ‘Podilska Nyva’ (high-yielding, less tolerant), ‘Natalka’ (less tolerant, high protein content in grain), and breeding line ‘UK 065’ (high-yielding, drought-sensitive) were studied. The specific content of WSC in dry matter and the total amount (product of specific content and dry weight) were determined in stem parts of the main shoot (counted from the top): peduncle, second, third, combined fourth and fifth (lower) internodes and combined leaf sheaths. It was found that drought slightly reduced the maximum total amount of WSC deposited in the stem and significantly accelerated their remobilization. The studied genotypes of winter wheat differed significantly in the WSC accumulation in the stem: by 1.3 times under optimal conditions and by 1.5 times under drought, but the efficiency of WSC remobilization was similar and high (84–96%) in all of them, regardless of growing conditions. Cv. ‘Podolianka’ showed the highest storage capacity of the stem both under optimal watering and under drought. The contribution of deposited WSC to grain weight was 32 and 28.3% in cv. ‘Podolianka’, 21.3 and 24.6% in cv. ‘Podilska Niva’, 27.4 and 24.3% in cv. ‘Natalka’, and 18.2 and 22.4% in line 'UK065' under optimal and drought conditions, respectively. The highest specific content and total amount of WSC were recorded in the second and third internodes. The portions of these internodes in the total amount of stem-deposited WSC were the largest in all studied genotypes. The content and total amount of reserve carbohydrates in the second and third internodes were correlated most closely with grain productivity, which gives reason to consider them the most representative parameters for assessing the storage capacity of the whole stem and to recommend them as a physiological marker of winter wheat genotypes’ performance.
Triticum aestivum L., stem storage capacity, internodes, water-soluble carbohydrates, drought, photosynthesis, grain productivity