Integral evaluation of the sustainability of spring wheat lines and varieties on the impact of a complex of biotic factors

Abstract

The article presents the results of integral assessment of resistance of 7 varieties and 22 breeding lines of spring wheat belonging to Triticum durum and Triticum dicoccum species to the impact of a complex of biotic factors (head smut, powdery mildew, intra-stem pests) in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine over the period of 2013-2015. Accessions with individual resistance and specific response to some gradations of the biotic environment as well as accessions with the highest level of genetic protection against a variety of harmful organisms were identified. We distinguished breeding line 07-746 of durum wheat and emmer wheat variety ‘Golikovskaya’, which combine a high index of complex resistance with high resistance to individual factors of the biotic environment.

The aim and tasks of the study. To evaluate promising breeding lines and modern varieties of spring wheat bred at the Plant Production Institute nd. a VYa Yuryev of NAAS for resistance to a complex of biotic factors. To select the most valuable accessions for use in breeding programs aimed at creation of new highly-immune varieties.

Material and methods. The investigations were carried out on artificial infectious and provocative backgrounds in 2013-2015 in the Laboratory of Resistance to Biotic Factors of the Plant Production Institute nd. a VYa Yuryev of NAAS. Measurements of plant affection by diseases and damage caused pest were carried out by the conventional techniques. To evaluate resistance of accessions to a complex of biotic factors, indexes of normalized values as well as indexes of complex resistance and the coefficient of biotic and plasticity were calculated according to the SA Eberhart’s, WA Russel’s, VZ Pakudin’s, LM Lopatina’s; BP Guryev’s, PP Lіtun’s, and IA Guryeva’s methods.

Results and discussion. Spring wheat material was immunologically assessed. As a result, breeding lines 09-305, 08-166, 08-358, 08-901 that are highly resistant to head smut pathogen, lines 07-746, 09-417, 09-420, 09-762, 08-901 and variety ‘Diadema’ with high resistance to powdery mildew, lines 07-746, 09-417, 09-420, 09-762, 08-901, and  varieties ‘Kharkovskaya39’ and ‘Golikovskaya’ tolerant  to damage by intra-stem pests were identified. By the integral index of complex resistance, breeding lines and varieties with high levels of complex genetic protection against the harmful organisms under consideration - 06-450, 07-746, 07-2060, 09-305, 09-314, 09-417, 05-55, 08-166, 08-544, 08-901, ‘Novatsiya’, ‘Golikovskaya’ were distinguished. We highlighted breeding line 07-746 of durum wheat and emmer wheat variety ‘Golikovskaya’, which were characterized by a combination of a high index of complex resistance with high stability in terms of individual resistance to some harmful organisms.

Conclusions. The studies enabled selecting accessions of spring wheat of high value as starting material for breeding.