Inheritance of valuable traits in F1 simple hybrids of winter rye

Abstract

The aim and tasks of the study. The purpose was to establish the nature of inheritance of valuable traits in F1 simple experimental hybrids of winter rye. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to calculate the degree of phenotypic dominance of traits.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in 2013-2014. The study years varied in weather conditions. The study material was 22 F₁ simple hybrids. As a female form to obtain hybrids, we used two male-sterile lines, as a male form - 11 fertility restores. To study the nature of inheritance of valuable traits in F1 simple hybrids, we used the dominance index (hp), which was calculated by Brubaker's formula.

Results and Discussion. The dependence of inheritance of the majority of valuable traits on meteorological conditions of cultivation and genotypes was established, since we observed differences in the nature of inheritance both over the years and in combinations. The total and productive tillering capacity are inherited by heterosis and complete domination under moisture deficit during the vegetation season, grain weight from the main ear - in conditions of sufficient moisture. All the investigated hybrids demonstrated heterosis for plant height, kernel number from the main ear and yield capacity. The nature of inheritance of these traits was stable over the years.

Conclusions. The most of traits changed the nature of inheritance during the study years, only the traits of "plant height", "kernel number from the main ear", "kernel number per plant" and "yield capacity" showed stable heterosis. In this case, heterosis for plant height is a negative phenomenon, since high rye plants are prone to lodging. Therefore, this fact must be taken into account upon development of cultivation technologies for the investigated hybrids.