Manifestation of morpho-physiological mutations in M1 and M2 sunflower generations as a result of gamma-ray and dimethyl sulfate action

Abstract

Chlorophyll chimeras and morpho-physiological abnormalities in M₁ and M₂ sunflower plants were identified and described. It was found that treatment of Helianthus annuus L. lines with gamma-rays or chemical mutagen dimethyl sulfate was effective to induce a wide spectrum and a high frequency of mutations.

The aim and tasks of the study. Examination and analysis of the spectrum and frequency of somatic mutations in M₁ and M₂ sunflower after action of chemical mutagen dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and gamma-rays.

Material and methods. The investigation was carried out in the experimental field of Kharkiv National Agrarian University nd. a VV Dokuchaev in 2014-2015. The test material was plant populations of M₁ and M₂ sunflower derived from seed treatment of 12 self-pollinated lines with gamma-rays (120 Gy and 150 Gy) and dimethyl sulfate (0.01% and 0.05%).

Results and discussion. The study of effects of two mutagens on the field germinability of M₁ sunflower seeds revealed that gamma rays had a greater impact on the germinability compared with dimethyl sulfate. For example, the germinability of seeds treated with 0.01% or 0.05% DMS was 68-88%, which is quite normal for sunflower seeds, while the germinability of seeds gamma-irradiated at the dose of 120 Gy or 150 Gy was low (4-30%) with 95-96% in the control. The germinability of DMS-treated and gamma-irradiated seeds in M₂ was high. The field germinability of test accession Kh808 was a slightly lower: after 0.01% DMS - 68%; after 0.05% DMS - 58%; and it was even lower in the physical mutagenesis experiments: after 120 Gy - 45%; after 150 Gy - 48%. Analysis of M₁ showed that the overall frequency of morpho-physiological changes induced by gamma rays and DMS was high enough in all the test samples, indicating significant effects of mutagens on growth and development of mutant sunflower generation. Gamma-irradiated samples differed from DMS-treated ones by lower germinability and survival in M₁.

In 2015, anumber of morpho-physiological mutations in M² sunflower were distinguished and analyzed during the growing season. The overall frequency of morpho-physiological mutations in test samples treated with two concentrations of DMS was significantly lower (3-16%) than that in samples irradiated with gamma rays at the dose of 120 Gy or 150 Gy (20-61%).

Conclusions. We found a wide range of different mutations both in gamma-irradiated samples and DMS-treated ones. This range includes mutations of chlorophyll synthesis, calathidium pigmentation, shape and size, plant habitus, leaf venation, shape and number, and others.