Chickpea hybridization in different growing conditions

Abstract

Results of artificial hybridization of chickpea in different growing conditions are presented; possibilities of creating valuable starting material by intraspecies hybridization followed by selection of transgressive forms adapted to the South of Ukraine are discussed.

The aim and tasks of the study. Elucidation of influence of growth conditions on intraspecies hybridization to create chickpea starting material with further selection of transgressive forms adapted to the South of Ukraine .

Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted in a phytotron in winter of 2014-2015 as well as in the field of the Experiment Farm "Dachnaya" of the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute in spring/summer of 2015. Eleven pairs of parent forms were involved in hybridization; crosses were reciprocal.

Results and discussion. There was prolification and blossom drop in combinations P 2774 (India) x Taras Bulba (Lugansk) and Taras Bulba (Lugansk) x P 2474 (India) in the phytotron, hence, no hybrid beans set parent plants. In the phytotron, the best formation of hybrid seeds was observed in combinations Rozanna (PBGI) x Taras Bulba (80%), Taras Bulba Rozanna (72.2%), (Rozanna F x 404) x Mexican Sell (Iran) (66.7%), Mexican Sell x (Rozanna x F 404) (63.6%), and Espanyol (Spain) x Broa CH (India) (63.6%), Broa CH x Espanyol (40%).

In the field, combinations Rozanna x Taras Bulba and Taras Bulba x Rozanna also gave good results - 54.5% and 60%, respectively. A significant number of hybrid seeds also set in combinations Flip85-1320  (Syria) x Belay noble-23 (Turkey) (68.6%), Belay noble-23 x Flip85-1320 (63%), Budzhak (PBGI) x no name (Italy ) (65.1%), and no name (Italy) x Budzhak (47.3%). On average, in the two variants of growing the best results were seen in combinations Rozanna x Taras Bulba (67.3%), Taras Bulba x Rozanna (66.1%), Flip85-1320 x Belay noble-23 (56.5%), Belay noble -23 x Flip85-1320 (56.5%), NEC 2425 x L 10035/11 (65.6%), and L 10035/11 x NEC 2425 (47%).

Conclusions. Thus, it was found that hybrid seed setting was largely dependent on the environmental conditions (humidity, precipitation). In the phytotron, by controlling water balance, illumination mode, nutrition and temperature it is possible to produce hybrid seeds, which can reduce by half the breeding process in the first year.