Investigation of dry and yellow leaf number after anthesis in common sunflower

Abstract

The aim and tasks of the study. The study objective was to conduct analysis of the inheritance of a selection criterion in breeding for resistance to unfavorable abiotic factors of the environment - "the number of dry and yellow leaves after anthesis" and morphological and biological traits that can correlate with it.

Materials and methods. Crossing involved 6 lines - sterility fixers bred at the PPI nd. a VYa Yuryev. To study the inheritance of the traits of "the number of dry and yellow leaves after anthesis", "the leaf number", "plant height", and "the length of sprouting-flowering period", Cavalli joint scaling test was used.

Results and discussions. The trait of "the number of dry and yellow leaves after flowering" is not associated with the plant height or with the total number of leaves per plant and has a weak correlation with the length of sprouting-flowering period. The model of trait inheritance for 3 parameters established no conformity of gene action to the additive-dominant type for the traits under investigation. Calculation of the model for 6 parameters revealed epistatic effects. Genes that determine the inheritance of the studied traits interact by duplicate epistasis in most cases. When comparing the results of different years of research, we found no reversion of signs of the genetic parameters. The presence of dominant alleles of genes that reduce the number of dry and yellow leaves after anthesis in Kh 0407 B line made it possible to propose it as a promising one for use in this breeding direction. Simple sterile hybrid SKh IR1203 A, the female component of hybrid Lytsar, which has been  registered in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine since 2015, was created with the involvement of this line.

Conclusions.A possibility of using the joint scaling method for genetic analysis of the inheritance of the common sunflower trait of “the dry and yellow leaf number after anthesis" was proved. The nature of inheritance makes it possible to conduct selection for reduction in the trait expression