Features of the formation of biochemical composition of seeds of modern soybean varieties

Abstract

The purpose of the research. The purpose of the research was to study the intensity of protein accumulation in the seeds of modern soybean varieties.

Materials and methods. The material for the study was 14 varieties of breeding Plant Production Institute nd. a. V.Ya. Yuryev.

The protein content in the seeds was determined by the Kjeldahl method (according to GOST 10846-91) and on the “Infralyum FT-10” instrument, oils - by the gravimetric method according to S.V. Rushkovsky and on the “Infralyum FT-10” instrument. The intensity of protein formation (as well as the oils and the amount of protein and oils) were calculated according to the methods of L.N. Kobyzeva, S.I. Svyatchenko, A.V. Tertyshny. The contribution of individual components in the indicator of the intensity of formation of protein and oil by the method of factor analysis was performed.

Results and discussion. Significant differentiation of soybean varieties by the ability to form protein, oil and their total content was revealed.

By the yield the Krasunya variety was distinquish (1.6 t / ha), by the protein content in the seeds – the Rayduga variety (38.1%), by the oil content – the Sprytna variety (18.2%), by the total protein content of the oil – the Pearlyna variety (55.6% ). By the intensity of protein formation and the amount of protein and oil in the seeds, the Perlyna variety was separated (6.265 kg / ha per day and 9.176 kg / ha per day, respectively), the oil — Sprytna (2.969 kg / ha) per day.

The duration of the vegetation period varied from 93 days in the Rayduga variety up to 120 days in the Podyaka variety. At the same time, the Podyaka variety with the longest period of vegetation period (120 days) showed minimal yield (1.3 t / ha) and mass distribution (16.9%).

All studied varieties (except the Podiaka variety) did not significantly differ in the total content of protein and oil in seeds, and represent valuable initial material for breeding varieties with high quality seeds. At the same time, the best interest for breeding is represented by varieties of early-ripening group.

Conclusions. The significant differentiation of varieties of soybean by the ability to the formation of protein, oil and their combination was established . The varieties with maximum levels of productivity and quality: yields – Krasunya variety (1.6 t / ha); content of protein in seeds – Rayduga variety (38.1%); the content of oil and the intensity of its formation – Sprytna variety (18.2% and 2.969 (kg / ha per day, respectively); the total content of protein and oil, the intensity of protein formation, the intensity of formation of protein oil – Perlyna variety (55.6%; 6.265, 9.176 kg / ha per day, respectively) were selected.

The varieties of the early ripening group showed the ability to form protein oil in seeds at a level higher than that of the varieties of middle and early middle groups, which will improve the quality of the seeds while reducing the length of the growing season.