The evelopment and inheritance of the productivity elements in chickpea hybrid populations

Abstract

The aim and tasks of the study. The aim of our research work was establishment of inheritance character of most essential economic valuable traits of first generation chickpea hybrids. The study of heterosis of chickpea the F₁ hybrids on the present stage is needed for plant-breeding aims.

Material and methods. The varieties and constant lines used in crossing differed not only by the indexes of the productivity, and also different origin. They picked up on marker traits, that it is possible to educe veritable hybrids in F₂. It gives an opportunity by hybridization to create a new initial material with the high level of the productivity.

Results and discussion. It was revealed that were most closely associated the traits "weight of plants with pods" and "amount of seeds in the pod" (r = 0,76), and also "weight of seed" and "amount of seed in the pod" (r = 0,80). Efficiency of selection of paternal components of crossing depends on character of variation and inheritance of traits. The productivity of majority of hybrid combinations had a positive degree of heterosis. The considerable degree of heterosis of the traits related to the productivity is educed also, namely amount of branches on a plant from 10,0 to 65,0, amount of pods on the plant from 28,0 to 213,6, amount of seeds on the plant from 4,9 to 191,5. In relation to weight of plants with pods and without them all combinations had a positive degree of heterosis. The most perspective hybrid combinations are [Rozanna x (F 404 x Mexican Sel)], Efal Bold YN x Budzak, Budzak x Efal Bold - YN, Budzak x L from (Italy), L from (Italy) x Budzak, [(F 404 x Mexican Sel) x Rozanna]. The analysis of inheritance of most quantitative traits testifies that at the hybrids of F₁ is observed, as a rule, intermediate display of size of traits in relation to paternal components, and also positive overdominance.

Our researches also specify on the high and middle degrees of dominance for an index “weight of plants with pods”.

Conclusions. The level of heterosis and the coefficient of inheritance depended on combination and economic valuable traits of the chickpea hybrids. The investigated traits at majority of F₁ hybrids are inherited on the type of overdominance and characterized considerable variation within the families of one variant of crossing. On the basis of the obtained data drawn conclusion that created hybrid populations has great importance for breeding.