Effect of hydrothermic environmental factors on yield and biochemical composition of soybean seeds

Abstract

The purpose of the research. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of hydrothermal environmental factors (average air temperature, the sum of effective temperatures, the amount of precipitation and relative air humidity) on yield, protein content and oil in soybean seeds and their collection per unit area.

Materials and methods. The material for research was 50 breeding samples of soybean of Plant Production Institute nd. a. V.Ya. Yuriev.

The protein content in the seeds was determined according to Kjeldahl method (according to GOST 10846-91) and on the “Infralyum FT-10” instrument, oils – by the gravimetric method according to S. V. Rushkovskiy and on the “Infralyum FT-10” instrument. Processing of the research results was carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov, using the programs STATISTICA 10 and Excel.

Results and discussion. Significant scope of economic and biological indicators was revealed. Yields ranged from 0,84 t/ha to 2,59 t/ha, with an average of 1,40 t/ha. The positive dependence of yield and total collection of protein and oil from 1 ha on the factors of the water regime (relative humidity and amount of precipitation) was established. Negative correlations between yield and total collection of protein and oil per 1 ha and air temperature and the sum of effective temperatures were recorded. It was shown that the total protein and oil content in the seeds is very strongly correlated with the protein content, and the productivity of soybean agrocenosis in terms of the total collection of the main biochemical components of seeds is determined by the yield. There was no strong relationship between yield and content in the seeds of protein and oil, which indicates the possibility of breeding for a joint increase in yield and improvement of the biochemical qualities of soybean seeds. A weak negative correlation between the content of protein and oil in the seeds was distinguished.

Conclusions. A positive correlation between the yield and relative humidity of the air (r=0,723) and the amount of precipitation (r=0,605), the negative relationship was between the yield and the average air temperature (r= -0,666) and the amount of precipitation (r= -0,373) was established. Hydrothermal factors had a similar effect on the total collection of protein and oil from 1 ha. It was shown that the total content of protein and oil in the seeds is very strongly correlated with the protein content (r=0,948), and the total collection of protein and oil from 1 ha is determined by the yield (r=0,994). There was no strong correlation between yield and content in seeds of protein, oil and their sum.