Evaluation of the hybridization potential of sugar beet cмs-lines and multi-shoot pollinators bred in uman within the program the «Betaintercross» program

Abstract

The purpose was to study the hybridization potential of sugar beet CМS-lines and multi-shoot pollinators and to develop, on the basis of the best of them, high-yielding hybrids of various genomic levels.

Materials and methods. The study included sugar beet CМS-lines and multi-shoot pollinators bred by us as well as CМS-lines of other research institutions co-executing the “Betaintercross” program. Different designs of top-crosses were used to create test hybrids and to study the general and specific combining abilities of the hybridization components.

Results and discussion. In the study years (2014–2018), 25 CМS-lines, which were involved in top-cross hybridization designs with di- and tetraploid pollinators bred at different research institutions, were transferred to the “Betaintercross” program by the Laboratory of Sugar Beet Breeding of the Tobacco Experimental Station of the National Research Center “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”.

The results of the environmental variety trials of sugar beet hybrids distinguished the best hybrid combinations, the parents of which were CMS-lines and multi-shoot pollinators bred at the ТES of NRC “ІA NAAS”. It was established that Uman CMS-lines were the most effectively combined with multi-shoot pollinators of Bila Tserkva and Verkhniachka ЕВSs, and multi-shoot pollinators - with CМS-lines of Ivanivka, Bila Tserkva and Uladivka ЕВSs. The best hybrids’ performance far exceeds the group standard, providing a guaranteed gain of 5–12 % for the sugar collection and of 6–15 % for the sugar yield per hectare. A present, co-developed with Verkhniachka ЕВS mono-shoot diploid hybrid based on "Heroi" CMS has been entered in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine.

Conclusions. The analysis of the performance of the test sugar beet hybrids attests to a significant genetic potential of the CMS-lines and multi-shoot pollinators bred at the ТES of NRC “ІA NAAS”. This breeding material is characterized by high general and specific combining abilities, basic performance, technological quality of raw materials and resistance to diseases.