Corn hybride performance depending on fertilizers and basic tillage

Abstract

The results of studying effects of different fertilizers and basic tillage on biometric and productive parameters of maize hybrids of various ripeness groups are presented.

Our purpose was to study effects of different fertilizers and basic tillage on biometric parameters and performance elements in maize hybrids of various ripeness groups.

Material and methods. The field experiments were carried out in the Department of Soil Management of Poltava State Agricultural Experimental Station named after N.I. Vavilov of the Institute for Pig Breeding and Agricultural Production of NAAS in 2016–2018.

Results and discussion. It was found that mineral fertilizers and microbiological agents contributed to a more intensive growth and development of plants and increased corn grain yields. On average, over the study years, the highest yields from hybrids DZ Latoritsa, Orzhytsa 237 MV and DB Khotyn were obtained with mineral fertilizers at a dose of N₄₀P₄₀K₄₀ kg/ha a.s. on plowing - 8.43 t/ha, 8.27 t/ha and 9.43 t/ha, respectively. The gain related to the control (no fertilizers) was 1.15 t/ha, 0.89 t/ha and 1.54 t/ha, respectively. The same fertilization on blade tillage decreased the yields by 0.31 t/ha, 0.23 t/ha and 0.50 t/ha, respectively. Surface tillage compared with plowing also led to a decrease in the yields by 0.48 t/ha, 0.33 t/ha and 0.86 t/ha, respectively. Growth stimulant Vympel at a dose of 0.5 L/ha in combination with microfertilizers Organic-Balance at a dose of 0.5 L/ha and addition of sticking agent Liposam at a dose of 0.5 L/ha increased the yields of hybrids DZ Latoritsa, Orzhytsa 237 MV and DB Khotyn compared with the control (no fertilizers): on plowing by 0.63–0.74 t/ha, 0.61–0.63 t/ha and 1.02 t/ha, respectively; on blade tillage – by 0.54–0.59 t/ha, 0.43–0.47 t/ha and 0.84 t/ha, respectively; and on surface tillage – by 0.64–0.84 t/ha, 0.80–0.84 t/ha and 0.81–0.85 t/ha, respectively. Microbio-fertilizer Gumina at a dose of 1 L/ha increased the yields by 0.32–0.81 t/ha compared to no fertilizer control, depending on the hybrid and basic tillage.

Conclusions. In the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, mineral fertilization and application of biologicals contributed to a more intensive growth and development of plants and increased the corn grain yields.