Adaptability of Winter Triticale Cultivars to Abiotic Environmental Factors in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2026.129.02Keywords:
winter triticale, cultivar, yield, adaptability, stability, nitrogen fertilizersAbstract
Winter triticale plays a significant role in grain production in Ukraine, combining high yield and grain quality with high resilience to adverse growing conditions. To ensure stable high yields, it is crucial to grow winter triticale cultivars with high adaptability to various environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of 12 winter triticale cultivars and to identify genotypes with an optimal combination of high yield and yield stability across different weather conditions and nitrogen fertilizer doses. Analysis of variance revealed that yield variability was significantly influenced by all studied factors: genotype, environmental conditions, nitrogen dose, and their interactions. The greatest contributions were made by environment (63%) and genotype (11%), followed by genotype-environment interaction and genotype-environment-fertilization interaction (8%). 'KhAD 650', 'Zlatoust', and 'Tymofii' exhibited high
general adaptability, producing higher average yields (5.79 t/ha, 5.71 t/ha, and 5.45 t/ha, respectively). Based on the variance of specific adaptability and relative stability, 'KhAD 45', 'Tryfon', 'Ratne', and 'Leontii' were identified as the most stable across different growing environments and nitrogen fertilization levels. According to the regression coefficient, 'Zlatoust', 'Adam', and 'Rarytet' were the most plastic cultivars, demonstrating high yield potential and the ability to maximize it under favorable conditions. Considering the combination of stability, plasticity, and yield, the highest breeding value was recorded for 'KhAD 45', 'Zlatoust', 'Tryfon', and 'KhAD 650'. These cultivars are noticeable for high yield potential, which is mamifested under favorable conditions, and the ability to withstand adverse environmental factors, ensuring stable crop performance across diverse growing systems
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