Procedures for Addressing Post-Publication Concerns

In the event of substantiated notifications submitted to the Editorial Office regarding the potential presence of data fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in published materials, the Editor-in-Chief or the Editorial Board shall appoint an independent expert investigation. The evaluation shall be conducted by scholars who have no conflict of interest and were not involved in the initial peer review of the manuscript in question.

The Editorial Office shall officially notify the authors regarding the initiation of the investigation. Authors retain the right to provide a written explanation and reasoned arguments within the timeframe specified by the Editorial Office. All gathered materials, including the conclusions of independent experts and the authors' responses, shall be reviewed by the Editorial Board.

Based on the results of the review, the Editorial Board shall pass a final decision. If significant violations of academic integrity (plagiarism, fabrication, or falsification) are confirmed, the article shall be subject to immediate retraction, accompanied by the publication of an official retraction notice on the website. If unintentional technical errors or inaccuracies that do not alter the scientific validity of the results are identified, the Editorial Office shall publish an official correction notice (Correction / Erratum).