Investigation of valuable economic features in F1– F2 pea hybrids

Abstract

Hybridologic analysis is one of the genetic methods, which allows establishing the nature of inheritance patterns of valuable traits by descendants of hybrid generations.

The study objective was to investigate the inheritance nature of the most valuable economic traits and to identify the best genotypes for creating promising starting material of pea with a set of valuable traits.

Material and methods.The experiments were carried out in an infectious plot of the Laboratory of Plant Immunity against Diseases and Pests of the Plant Production Institute named after VYaYuriev. Phytopathological (creation of artificial infection, registration of plant affection), mycological (isolation of Fusarium pathogens into pure cultures), breeding (hybridization, individual selection) and statistical (determination of the dominance degree and χ2 criterion) methods were used in the research.

Results and discussion.To create pea starting material with a set of valuable economic features, hybridization with sources of resistance to Fusarium root rot (Aleks, Svitanok, Temp, Rambel, Millenium), which had been previously selected, was conducted in 2014. The plant height, major components of the plant performance and resistance to Fusarium pathogens were measured in F₁ plants and parents of hybrids. Based on the data obtained, the dominance degrees of the performance and resistance traits were calculated. The most valuable hybrid combinations with heterosis for the most valuable economic traits were identified: Svitanok/Shkval, Svitanok/Fokor, Temp/Fokor, Rambel/Shkval, Temp/L-16, Temp/Bonus. Hybridologic analysis of F₂ hybrids was carried out to determine the donor properties of the resistance sources. The ratios of resistant and susceptible phenotypes in F₂ hybrid populations make it possible to assert the presence of resistance genes in five pea accessions (sources of resistance to Fusarium root rot) with a high probability (0.50 <P <0.99).

Conclusions.The study of F₁-F₂ hybrids on artificial Fusarium infection singled out resistant genotypes with high economic indices. The donor properties and the number of genes in five sources of resistance to Fusarium root rot (Aleks, Svitanok, Temp, Rambel, Millenium) were determined. Upon involvement of Fusarium-resistant (score 7) accessions Svitanok and Rambel in hybridization, valuable material was distinguished for further research and creation of productive starting material